The Book 8 Ball Chicks - 1979 Words

Eight Ball Chicks concise By Laura Anderson The book 8 Ball Chicks, written by Gini Sikes. It is a thrilling yet shocking book about girls in gangs. The book explains in horrific detail the roles and existences of the girls in these gangs. Sikes traveled to several different cities to experience the life of girl gangsters. She traveled to Los Angeles, San Antonio, and Milwaukee. Through these travels, she became immersed in the lifestyles of each gang and had first hand accounts on what it was like to be in a gang. Sikes met many girls whom she could not believe what had persuaded them to live like they did. Most of the girls wanted to just fit in with something, to have power or be safe. Sikes recognized that all these girls†¦show more content†¦She said that wanted to educate her child and teach her about he bible. TJ wanted to teach her child right from wrong and not let her end up the way she did. She end up working in a factory and also took her self off of welfare. She showed that through all she had gone t hrough their was always a light at the end of the tunnel. A lot of the reason why I believed these girls ended up like this was due to the fact of the poverty stricken communities. Social Disorganization theory best describes this. It states that delinquency occurs when the social control among traditional primary groups like parents, schools and the neighborhood breaks down because of the social disarray within the community. When this occurs girls and boys look else where for acceptance and love. Which is why most of them turn to gangs. Turning to gangs how ever seal some of its members fates, such as death and jail. Another reason why I think these girls become delinquent or become involved in gangs is because of the Labeling theory. People label them because they are poor or come from bad neighborhoods as bad kids. So eventually they just take that identity. I mean it you think about it, if people keep calling you a bad kid over and over again after a while wouldn’t you just accept it because that what people expect of you? This book was a very good read. It was very eye opening. More than what I expected. It was a very well written book about the hidden lives of youngShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Banana Pulp Feed to Broiler Chicken2075 Words   |  9 Pagesstudy will be the following: 80 straight run-day-old broiler chicks, weighing scale, water trough, cages, feeding troughs, 50 watt electric bulbs (incandescent), old newspapers, sacks, record books, ball pen, wing bands, cleaning equipments, different brands of chicken feeds. Methods Experimental Design and Treatments This study will be carried out in a Completely Randomi8zed Design (CRD) with 80 heads straight run-day-old broiler chicks to be distinguished into four treatments with four replicationsRead MoreEssay on 8 Ball Chicks by Gini Sikes1955 Words   |  8 Pages8 Ball Chicks by Gini Sikes The book 8 Ball Chicks, written by Gini Sikes is a thrilling yet shocking book about girls in gangs. The book explains in horrific detail the roles and existences of the girls in these gangs. Sikes traveled to several different cities to experience the life of girl gangsters. She traveled to Los Angeles, San Antonio, and Milwaukee. Through these travels, she became immersed in the lifestyles of each gang and had first hand accounts on what it was like to be inRead MoreRelation and Uses of Mathematics in Other Subjects6462 Words   |  26 Pagesmean, (also known as the Golden rectangle, Golden Section, and Golden Ratio) served as a canon for planning. Knowledge of the golden mean goes back at least as far as 300BC, when  Euclid  described the method of geometric construction in Book 6, Proposition 30 of his book the  Elements. It corresponds to a proportion of 1: 1.618, considered in  Westernarchitectural theory to be very pleasing. This number is also known as  Phi.  Ja y Hambidge  believed that the golden mean was the ratio used by Attic Greek architectsRead MoreManagement And Ownership Of The Midnight Food Chain Owner1526 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they could further train their sub-ordinates. In addition, the owner will 6 | P a g e be responsible for resolving potential conflicts arise among staff members. Initially, the owner of midnight food chain cannot rely entirely on employees or book keeper so he must also need to ask for daily review. Motivating and retaining skilled employees is also included in the responsibility of owner. Furthermore, the owner should also build customer relationships through social media. He needs to reachRead MoreBaseball Is America s Pastime2072 Words   |  9 Pagestime, many believed they were the best of the best and big hot shots from the city (Asinof 5). Only days before the series began did people begin to question the great World Series. At first, betting odds were 5-1 against the Reds but then lowered to 8-5 (The American Scholar). This was a surprise to many so people began to speculate and there were even newspaper headlines claiming possible â€Å"game fixings† (The American Scholar). Hugh Fullerton was an extremely involved reporter during the World SeriesRead Moreeig1213804 Words   |  16 Pagesthe body parts (ribs, ears, and wrists) are similar to ours and therefore that we can be traced back to this fish. 3. Explain why Neil Shubin thinks Tiktaalik says something about our own bodies? (in other words – why the Inner Fish title for the book?) Neil Shubin basically thinks Tiktaalik shows the link between our bodies in the present and the history of the organisms we evolved from. The discovery of Tiktaalik shows us how we are related to fish in many ways that were hard to prove in theRead MorePeta Research Paper3346 Words   |  14 Pages(Animal food company) uses one of the cruelest research method available for completing the simplest of tasks; by testing the digestibility of protein in their own pet food by subjecting 1-week-old baby chicks to severely growth-retarding â€Å"protein efficiency ratio† studies. Information from the book Leads in Life Sciences: Issue 27 explain â€Å"These [PER] experiments are extremely slow and give no insight into the availability of the amino acids that are responsible for growth limitation. The test mayRead Moreyour inner fish Essay example3506 Words   |  15 Pagesbuilding blocks to biological science. If we did not care about evolution, we would not understand the concept of biology, or any type of science for that matter. 2. What does it mean to be human? Did your concept change after reading the book? After reading the book, I began to understand why my body looks the way it looks. I realized that we are all the same inside—from fish to monkeys, and even some reptiles. We all started from the same thing. In my opinion, being human can be summed up into a simpleRead MoreThe Ultimate Crossfit Training Program10851 Words   |  44 Pagesauthoritative information in regard to The subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that neither the author nor the publisher is engaged in rendering medical advice. If medical advice or assistance is needed, consult with a doctor. This book is considered a guide and should not be used in any way detrimental to your health. Consult with a physician before starting make sure it’s right for you. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my family and friends. Without your help and understanding thisRead MoreThis Tournament Goes to Eleven4982 Words   |  20 PagesVaguely Hot Old Chick, Insufferable Prick, and Poseur, and features Keira Leverton administering some deserved smack downs. In a 1995 Connie Chung interview, Newt Gingrich was politically embarrassed after his mother used this word during a Hilary Clinton question. Big Fat and Super King Kamehameha are the kinds that Sheila Broflovski demonstrates in a song by Eric Cartman. For 10 points, name this term whose definitions include an unpleasant person and a female dog. ANSWER: bitch 8. Alcatel-Lucent

America s The Great War - 1800 Words

America in the Great War The First World War was a devastating calamity in which 10 million soldiers lost their lives fighting for their countries. This figure is ridiculous, but when one realizes that, that does not include the civilians who lost their lives during the fighting, the number seems even more ominous. This terrible event happened, and America tried to stay neutral for a while; however, we eventually found ourselves entangled in its web of destruction and for the a little more than the last six months of the war America was part of the fighting. The Germans were no fools, when America and its â€Å"dough boys† joined in the fighting they knew it was a big deal, it even lead to a strike by the Germans. â€Å"We must strike,† General Erich Ludendorff told his fellow commanders, â€Å"before America can throw strong forces into the scale.† But what was the final act that pushed America past the point of no return? What effect did America actually have while fighting? Why was it such a big deal that this one country joined in the fighting? What was going on in America, while its soldiers were out fighting on another continent somewhere in the world? The purpose of this paper is to examine those questions and discuss the influence that America had while fighting in Europe in the Great War as well as the politics that occurred internationally after the war ended. Now that society is 100 years removed from the Great War a large amount of Americans do not even understand theShow MoreRelatedThe Clash Of The Titans1602 Words   |  7 PagesTITANS The War of 1812 The War of 1812 began as a result of a long fought war between Great Britain and French forces led by Napoleon Bonaparte, that eventually infringed upon many of America s rights. France and Great Britain had been fighting since 1793. Napoleon was a very powerful and determined emperor who conquered much of Europe during the 19th century. The Royal Navy was very skilled at naval combat and France had a strong and capable leader that was very skilled in war tactics. TheRead MoreThe War Of 1812867 Words   |  4 PagesThe build up to the War of 1812 began nearly a decade prior to the start of the military action. Jefferson and the Republican vision slashed spending and government all around, leaving the military depleted and operating on Jefferson s â€Å"Gun Boat Diplomacy,† which meant America had just enough boats to protect American coasts but not enough to partake in any offshore activities. This left America vulnerable to the tactics employed by the British when comba t resumed between England and France, andRead MoreThe Treaty Of Paris ( 1763 )952 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Seven Years War (1754-1763), or French and Indian War as it was known in North America between the British and French Empires. 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Borah of Idaho said it best as he voted to declareRead MoreRole Of Locomotives During The Civil War900 Words   |  4 PagesCivil War What was the role of locomotives during The United States of America s Civil War? There are many things that locomotive did during the United States of America s civil war. First, locomotives were used to transport people. Locomotives were also used to transport other resources, such as weapons and food. Next, locomotives could be used very strategically, and cause confusion among enemies. I chose the topic locomotives affects on the United States of America s Civil War becauseRead MoreDomination of North America Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesoften led to more wars and conflicts. One of the many conflicts concerned the domination of North America. While many European powers competed for control of North America, Britain gained the most territory through the four French and Indian wars, King Williams War, Queen Annes War, King Georges War, and the French and Indian War. As these wars progressed, Britain achieved the most success and eventually became the most dominant power in North America. King Williams War, which occurredRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy After The Great Depression1390 Words   |  6 Pagesshifted from the Isolationism to Interventionism for valid reasons. First the economic and socially challenging home front crisis of the Great Depression kept American citizens and politicians busy with domestic policy. Additionally the disillusionment of people with WWI caused America to avoid war at all costs. However, the rising threat of fascism in Europe forced America to defend democracy and help its allies. The first shift was seen when foreign policy in the 1920s had moved to isolationism in largeRead MoreEconomic Prosperity : George Washington s Farewell Address1660 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2015 Economic Prosperity: 1898-1945: Prior to the 1890’s, the United States followed a foreign policy of seclusion to worldly matters. This idea stemming from George Washington’s Farewell Address to â€Å"avoid entangling alliances† became the foundation for American seclusion and detachment, a policy which resulted in this country being able to overcome tremendous internal difficulties facing the rising, fast-changing state of America. The Manifest Destiny enlarged American borders and created speedyRead MoreThe Return Of Fear1569 Words   |  7 Pageswanted to remain isolated from the rest of the world so they could be safe from the dangers of war and European conflicts (I can see why). At the same time, America wanted to be the role model for countries around the world, but World War II made them realize that because they are isolated by the oceans surrounding them, they can no longer serve as a model for the rest of the world. As a result, America s postwar goal was to involve themselves in wor ld politics to keep peace and make sure that authoritarianRead MoreThe American Dream and the Post War Era Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesAfter World War II, America had to take a step back and take a look at their country. The American Dream had been restored upon the atrocities of the war. In the 1930’s the American Dream was primarily focused on working hard, men providing for their families, and trying to rise from the depression. In the 1940’s, post World War II things changed and consumerism and feminism began to play a key role along with many other factors. There are many ways to describe the American dream and what aspects

First Generation Free Essays

1. First Generation (1944-1959) Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier, it was a typical first-generation computer. Initially, vacuum tubes (vacuum-tube) are used as a component of the signal amplifier. We will write a custom essay sample on First Generation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Raw materials consist of glass, so much has disadvantages, such as: easily broken, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by other components that serve as a coolant. And with the additional component, the computer finally appeared to be a big, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the world’s first electronic computer the ENIAC sesai made. On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. So large in size, to the point that requires a separate classroom. In the seems image ENIAC computer, this is the world’s first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons, length 30 M and 2. 4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power. * Colossus was the first electronic computer of this era. It’s every aspect was kept secret by British Government. * This is the world’s first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons, length 30 M and 2. 4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power. * In 1945, Von Neumann Architecture was introduced. Eckert and Mauchley began working on EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) but it never completed. Later Von Neumann developed his own EDVAC (IAS machine). * In 1946, the development of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), which was started in 1943, was completed. * Some other computers of this generation are UNIVAC, MARK II, MARK III, Z2, Z4, SSEC (Selective Sequence Electronic calculator) and some IBM computers series such as IBM 604, IBM 650, IBM 701, IBM 702. * In 1954, first version of FORTRAN (Formula Translator) was published by IBM How to cite First Generation, Papers

Psychological Egoism free essay sample

Egoism Psychological Egoism does not make sense because everyone does not always act in their own self-interest. The defenders of Psychological Egoism do not give us compelling reason to think that no one ever chooses to do something that is not in his own best interest. It is impossible to prove Psychological Egoism due to the principle of falsifiabilty. Psychological Egoists think human nature is completely and absolutely egoistic. They have the idea that all of our actions are conscious decisions we make ourselves. People are entirely selfish and if we choose to help someone, we do it for our own benefit. Their conclusion is that even unselfish acts make us feel good so we are truly acting in self-interest. This argument assumes we are all the same and people never intentionally do anything except what we want to do. This doesnt mean we are all selfish in the way we understand selfishness. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Egoism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Psychological Egoism confines human ambition to a single cause, but we are all motivated to do what we are motivated to do. Attempting to define each and every reason by each and every person for each and every act, consciously and/or subconsciously, is impossible and cant be reduced to one cause. The desire to preserve and protect ones own life may be basic to most people, but that statement cant be proven. The problem with Psychological Egoism is that those in favor of the theory dont allow for any possible action to count as evidence against their theory. The theory changes from a theoretical description of human nature to an assumption about human nature. If Psychological Egoism is only an assumption about human nature then it is just as credible as Altruism (people sometimes do sacrifice their own interests for the interests of others). But if Psychological Egoism is true then Altruism cant be true. An assumption cant be supported, which makes Psychological Egoism unfalsifiable.

Article Summary Example

Article Summary Example Article Summary – Article Example Article Summary According to research studies by a group of economists, there is a close relationship between violence and the use of drugs (Benson 34). The use of drugs has become an international concern because of its effects on crime and violence. Some countries such as Mexico have made efforts to legalize drug trade in order to reduce its overall effects. Drug trade also has a number of implications on the economy. Drug trade has very high volumes of sales but there are minimal profits from such activities. This is because a large number of intermediaries are involved in the business hence reducing profit margins between individual businesses involved in the trade (Bruce 27). When trader can manage to be in business with low profits, they tend to operate by enlarging their bases and expanding business to make more sales. As a result, revenues realized by the respective countries are set to increase and result to economic developments (Bruce 27).Competition also tends to set in b ecause the market has minimum or no barriers to entry hence many people will be attracted to venture in drug trade Opinion polls conducted in the US and Mexico recorded that such countries would be well of if they had legalized the use of drugs. They argue that the legalization process would ensure that the country records high levels of GDP through taxation of the use of drugs. Research shows that if Mexico would legalize the use of drugs, then the country would be able to collect revenues close to what drug cartels collect (Benson 40). Benson, Bruce. Handbook on the Economics of Crime. Cheltenham: Elgar, 2010. pp. 23-145. Article Summary Example Article Summary – Article Example iPhones in a Foreign Market The paper summarizes the article ‘Britain turns its back on Android in favor of iOS’ posted in theTelegraph Media Group Limited by Rhiannon Williams on 7th January 2015. The article shows the expansion of the Apple’s market share in U.K. The article asserts that the market share for Apple’s Smartphone has grown rapidly in the recent years as compared to its competitor, Android (Williams 1). The article states that Apple has recorded its highest market share in Britains smartphone where it accounts for 42.5 % of all smartphone sales in U.K (Williams 1). The growth for Apple market share in foreign markets like Britain relates to its iOS operating system. The article shows how and why Britain consumers opted to buy iPhones instead of Android phones from Google leading to significant growth in iPhone sales (Williams 1).The article quotes a recent research done by Kantar WordPanelCom Tech Research Company that indicated Apple Company ’s sales as of November 2014 to be 23.8 % of smartphones sales in Britain, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain (Williams 1). Indeed, the article recognizes an increase in iPhone sales U.K in the last one year. The article attributes this to the introduction of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus on September 2014 (Williams 1). The increase in brands and devices from different manufacturers allows U.K consumers to analyze different products before purchasing. The quality and features of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus motivated U.K consumers to choose Apple Smartphones that increased Apple market share. The article notes that the introduction of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus expanded Apple’s market shares in other foreign markets like China (Williams 1).Williams, Rhiannon. Britain turns its back on Android in favor of iOS. 7th January 2015. Web. 4th March 2015.

How to Make a Sparkler - Easy Homemade Firework

How to Make a Sparkler - Easy Homemade Firework Sparklers are a handheld fireworks that dont explode (pyrotechnic devices). They are easy to make, plus you can use your knowledge of chemistry to make colored sparks. Difficulty: Average Time Required: minutes to make, several hours drying time What You Need to Make a Sparkler Iron wires or wooden sticks300 parts potassium chlorate  60 parts aluminum fines, flitter, or granules2 parts charcoal10% dextrin in water solution500 parts strontium nitrate (optional, for red color)60 parts barium nitrate (optional, for green color) How to Make the Homemade Sparkler Mix the dry ingredients with enough dextrin solution to make a moist slurry. Include the strontium nitrate if you want a red sparkler or the barium nitrate if you want a green sparkler.Dip the wires or sticks in the sparkler mixture. Be sure to leave enough uncoated space at one end to safely grasp the finished sparkler.Allow the mixture to dry completely before igniting the sparkler.Store sparklers away from heat or flame, and protected from high humidity. Tips Parts are by weight.Be certain the sparkler is out and cooled before discarding it. This is easily accomplished by dipping the stick in a bucket of water.Firework use is restricted or prohibited in some areas. Please check your local laws before igniting homemade or purchased sparklers. Source  is L.P. Edel, Mengen en Roeren, 2nd edition (1936), p.22, as cited from Wouters Practical Pyrotechnics Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Case Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Scenario - Essay Example On the other hand, it has been recommended that the committee should not offer the same green light to Greenpeace to conduct a protest at the shopping mall since this can lead to public disorder. The paper seeks to discuss the ethical and legal ramifications based on the DRNC Scenario. The paper will outline the issues, their implications and the measures that can be taken in order to resolve the issue at hand. The paper will also discuss the recommendations that can be implemented to address the issues raised. 1. Based on the fictional account story of planning and preparation leading up to the mythical Democratic-Republican National Convention (DRNC) event in Miami, Florida, it can be noted that there are potential legal claims that are likely to be raised by private citizen seriously injured by the use of the LRADs if the decision is made by the Sub-Committee to purchase them after relying solely on the manufacturers claims and instructions as to their use. It can be seen that LRAD’s can cause considerable pain and discomfort to people standing within their range though the manufacturers deny this claim. This has been revealed by Hayes who states that: â€Å"yes, in a way it is, but the company that sells them does not consider them to be a less-lethal weapon†¦ it doesn’t rise to that level†¦ at least according to them.† In the event that there was insufficient time to test the device and train officers in their use before the Convention and it has also be en assumed that the Sub-Committee concluded that the value of the LRADs use in crowd control outweighed any risk of harm caused by their use, it can be noted that the potential liability of the individual officer using the device is negligence which falls under tort law. Basically, negligence is described as a civil wrong which results in the breach of duty care owed to the neighbour by another person

Is it reasonable to conclude that aggression is an inevitable and Essay

Is it reasonable to conclude that aggression is an inevitable and inescapable part of our lives Discuss with reference to psychological theory and research - Essay Example (cited in Angell and Banks, 1984, p. 115) This argument follows the line of thinking that men, left to their natural state, will be at each other’s throats, and life will be nasty, brutish and short. For Hobbes, this constant conflict stemmed from the nature of man which is characterized by selfishness, greed and a perpetual concern with satisfying his own desires. Religion reinforces this thought as it emphasizes that the aggressive nature of man is a consequence of his falling from divine grace in the Garden of Eden. It was St. Augustine who explored this aspect immensely, taking particular note on man’s capacity for mayhem and slaughter. On psychological perspective, there are numerous theories that seek to explain the incidence – the origins and triggers – of human aggression. Foremost of these are the instinct theories, which treat aggression as one of the human instincts or that innate tendency to behave in a certain way. Freud, for one, argued that we are born with two opposing instincts: the life instinct and the death instinct; and that the latter leads us to be aggressive. (Cashman, 1999, p. 15) For Freud, aggressiveness is linked to how life instinct counters death instinct and that the drive created by the conflict of these instincts is channeled away from the self and toward others. Overt aggression is hence an outcome of internal aggressive drives and that a person drives satisfaction by releasing or venting it to other people. (Zillmann, 1979, p. 116) Freudian analogy places the release of aggression drives as a human need though not necessarily overt aggression or aggression towards other people. Another psychological school which believes that aggression is part of human nature is ethology or the study of the animal behavior. In the ethological perspective, humans evolved with a fighting instinct and that it occurred through

Cereal Aisle Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cereal Aisle Analysis - Essay Example What was immediately noted once a full comparison was made between consumer behavior and activity upon other aisles as compared to the cereal aisle was stark. Ultimately, consumers would proceed through the other aisles in something of a robotic fashion; oftentimes shopping based upon price alone. Although there were more than a few deviations from this which were noted (namely with regards to purchases such as salad dressing and/or a desire to purchase a name brand when it came to spices or flavoring), the broad majority of consumer action that was noted upon the other aisles as compared to the cereal aisle was concentric upon a desire to purchase the lowest priced item and/or the store branded alternative. However, when many of these individuals approached the cereal aisle, a different level of consumer behavior was served entirely. As such, rather than choosing the cheapest brand or being particularly health-conscious, another aspect consumer behavior that was noted on many of the aisles, individuals invariably gave in to their basic desires and preferences. This was noted as a far greater majority of branded cereal was the choice of the consumer and a much higher percentage of extraordinarily unhelpful cereal was chosen as compared to store branded/healthy alternatives. As has been defined earlier in this analysis, the individuals within the grocery store in question were specifically interested in the overall price structure and healthfulness of the food item in question. However, when they proceeded to the cereal aisle, these concerns invariably were thrown to the wind (Hurley & Lieberman, 2005). This deviation from standard consumer behavior is perhaps a very good

Pluralist Theories Of The Mass Media Media Essay

Pluralist Theories Of The Mass Media Media Essay Sociologists are interested in the mass media because of the powerful effect it has in peoples lives both politically and socially. Mass media is forms of communication directed to big mass audiences without any personal contact. This can be by radio, television, internet, billboards and so on. This essay is going to explain and critically evaluate the Marxist and pluralist theories of the mass media. An explanation of the media will also be included. Marxist theorists suggest that the media is dominated by the ruling class who are the major owners of the media corporations, which gives them total control and manipulation of media content and audiences in their own interest. In the view of the Marxist the media is seen as part of an ideal ground in which various class views are battled out. However, pluralists suggest that there is no dominant ruling class. They insist that the role of the media is to promote freedom of speech. In fact they see society as a multipart of rival groups and interests, of which none take the leading role all of the time. Pluralists believe that the government has a key position in regulating media content and ownership. Marxists view known as the instrumentalist approach makes several claims, of which the pluralists such as James Whale (1997) argue that Marxists case neglects important facts, and that it exaggerates the power of the media. Some of key claims are: That the owners of the mass media have direct control over the ideas communicated through the mass media, but the pluralists argue that it is not all owners who try to control media content. They actually do point out that there has been a witness of cases where top newspaper editors have disputes with owners over control of editorial content. Marxists continue to claim that mass media audiences are seen as passive consumers, of the distorted and partial accounts of news and the cheap distracting entertainment, which the media provides them with. As a result of this the mass audience just accepts whatever is presented to them, whereby a public opinion could be easily manipulated by the mass media. Pluralists criticise this point by arguing that the media owners and those who work for the media cant afford to ignore the views and interests of the public to buy or listen to what they want. Marxists claim that the capitalist owners of the mass media intentionally aim to promote ideas that give them huge massive benefits to their class of which they are members. But on the other hand pluralists call that an unhelpful concept. They go on to say that it is a ruling class ideology. Marxists point out that the reason why pluralists are very critical to Marxists instrumental accounts of the media is because pluralists themselves are often part of or funded by the media industries. Having to consider the above evaluation, now let us look at how sociologists explain the main ways in which the news is created by the media. Sociologists have argued that the process by which journalists create the news is a manufacturing process and that its production processes are quite predictable. Sociologist Phillip Schlesingers (1978) gave some results about the news study, by saying that journalists use a news diary to make their job easier, and that many articles can be prepared in advance due to tight deadlines. However, sociologist agree to a certain point that journalists are still controlled in what they present to the public because they are guided by news values, shared norms and values which makes them believe that it is essential to the public. Results drawn by researchers like Galting and Ruge (1981) showed that two key sets of factors involved in determining journalist news values are bureaucratic and cultural. This means that news items must be immediate and refer to current affairs, brief, simple and exiting. They insist that news must focus on elite decision makers and on personalities rather those issues. Overall, a conclusion can be drawn from the above to say that the whole process of making the news is socially constructed and that the media can have a considerable influence of public debate. The fact that the public respond a huge percentage to the media products, it has been proved that some reports are found to be misleading and over dramatised to give a good story. In a sense such stories are over exaggerated and they usually have a negative impact to the audience. Such reports cause moral panics and bring fear amongst society. After his research of gang fighting at the sea side, Stan Cohen argued that the media play a key role in creating moral panics. He drew a conclusion that the media over exaggerated in order to boost their sales and succeeded in attracting a huge number of readers. Another recent example of moral panic was about the Nigerian man who tried to blow up an American bound airline. The result of that event has brought on security changes at airports around the world. In fact at Heathrow airport a new security device which shows peoples nudity when they pass through, it was introduced shortly after the incident. If we look further into how groups of people are represented in the media either by gender or ethnicity background, we find that women and ethnic minorities are under- represented in position of power and influence in the management of the media industry. On the side of gender, sociologists say that the mass media is patriarchal; women appear less than men on television. Many adverts portray women as either house wives or sex figures in the media. For example in the sun news paper, they have dedicated a page three that shows half naked women on a daily basis. This definitely keeps the male audiences hooked on such news paper. There has been a great deal of research showing that media representations of men dominate the media and are more positive than that of women. For example, Dominick and Rauch (1972), Brelt and Cantor (1988), Cumberbatch (1990), found out that images of men were predominant in adverts, and that men are usually in more authoritative roles or in higher status occupation. They also claimed that the majority of voice -overs in adverts was male voices. Feminist sociologist Gaye Tuchman (1978) concluded that women are symbolically destroyed and marginalised in media representation. On the other hand, studies have showed that media representations of ethnic minorities are tremendously presented in terms of negative stereotypes. So many newspapers tend to represent ethnic minorities as a threat to the public. This ranges from being criminals, dangerous, pitied or illegal immigrants. On television, ethnic minorities tend to be in restricted range of roles. The broadcasting standards Commission (1999) found that ethnic minorities are more linked with arts, media, health and care roles than other roles such as legal professions. Researchers such as Sarita Malik (2002) believed that there is a racialised regime of representation within which black are portrayed as having different experiences from other groups. She concluded that Whiteness is portrayed as the norm. Karen Ross (2000) used focus groups of people from different ethnic minorities and she found out that each group was portrayed as homogeneous. Van Dijk (1991) used a hypodermic model and argued that newspapers have a major impact in developing a perception of immigration as a problem which may lead to racial attacks. In conclusion mass media indeed affects society in many ways. There some positive and negative attributes from the mass media that influence society in todays world. These are either political or social issues.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Have you ever had an experience of morning paralysis where you see yourself lying down, and you think you're awake so you try to get up, but suddenly you realize that you can't move? I have, several times. They have been the most frustrating and scariest times of my life. As I try harder to move, concentrating all my energy into moving one arm, the deeper I seem to be sinking in this indescribable feeling of entrapment. I hear the people outside my room and try to get their attention by screaming. Instead, I hear a soft slurred sound coming from my throat. Then I start to panic. I can't breathe! My energy is depleted and my body is exhausted. Eventually, I start to relax. The first time this happened to me, a mosquito landed on my big toe while I was thinking of what to do. Without being consciously aware of it, I move my big toe. My body jerks and suddenly I can move! Thank God for the mosquito, otherwise I wouldn't have known that all I had to do was move my big toe towards me. Eve r since, whenever I would have another one of these experiences, I would relax and gently move my big toe towards me. If you've had one of these experiences, then you've probably had a glimpse of how it feels to have a fully developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurological disorder that involves the degeneration of motor neurons. A-myo-trophic is derived from the Greek language. A connotes something negative or none. Myo means it has something to do with the muscles. Trophic translates to "nourishment". (1) The term Lateral is attributed to the parts of the spinal cord that ALS usually affects. (2) The scarring that results from the degeneration of these neurons and nerves in the spinal cord is known as sclerosis. (2) In 1941, Lou Gehrig, a famous baseball player, died of ALS. His name has been associated with this progressive fatal neuromuscular disease ever since. (3) Another person whose name is associated with this disease is the French neurologist, Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot. He was the first to identify that motor neurons from the spinal cord are the main part of the nervous system affected by this disease, in 1869. For that, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is also known as maladie de Charcot.